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70-72 AD: Construction Begins
Emperor Vespasian started building the Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheater. This massive project symbolized Rome's power and aimed to boost public morale after a period of civil war.
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Overview
The Colosseum stands as a testament to ancient Rome's grandeur and engineering prowess. Built nearly 2,000 years ago, this massive amphitheater has witnessed the rise and fall of empires, survived natural disasters, and evolved from a center of spectacle to a symbol of cultural heritage. Its rich history, from gladiatorial contests to modern-day restoration efforts, offers visitors a unique window into the past.
Highlights
Massive Amphitheater Structure
The Colosseum is an enormous elliptical amphitheater, measuring 189 meters long, 156 meters wide, and 50 meters high. It's the largest ancient amphitheater in the world, capable of seating around 50,000 spectators.
Arched Façade
The exterior features a series of arched entrances, creating the iconic look of the Colosseum. Originally, there were 80 entrance arches for spectators.
Tiered Seating
The interior has multiple levels of seating arranged in a tiered fashion. The upper levels, including the fifth tier, were where the poorest citizens (plebeians) watched events.
Arena Floor
The central area where events took place. Today, visitors can see the exposed hypogeum (underground area) where the original wooden floor once stood.
Hypogeum
This complex underground system beneath the arena floor consisted of tunnels, cages, and mechanical devices used to transport animals and gladiators to the arena.
Trap Doors
The arena floor had 36 trap doors, allowing for dramatic entrances and special effects during events.
Velarium
An awning that could be pulled over the top of the seating area to provide shade for spectators.
Sperone Valadier
This is the main entrance for modern visitors, located near the Arch of Constantine.
Arch of Constantine
While not part of the Colosseum itself, this triumphal arch stands nearby and is often viewed as part of the Colosseum experience.
Restored Sections
Recent restoration work has cleaned and repaired the arcaded façade, replaced metal enclosures at ground level, and opened up the top two levels for guided visits.
Subterranean Passageways
A network of underground corridors, opened to the public in 2010, offers insight into how animals and gladiators were transported.
Stories
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80 AD: Grand Opening
Emperor Titus, Vespasian's son, completed the Colosseum and celebrated with 100 days of games. This event marked the beginning of the Colosseum's role as the center of Roman entertainment and social life.
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82 AD: Final Touches
Emperor Domitian added the final level to the Colosseum, completing the structure as we know it today. This expansion increased the arena's capacity and grandeur.
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262 AD: First Major Earthquake
A powerful earthquake damaged the Colosseum, requiring significant repairs. This event highlighted the structure's vulnerability to natural disasters.
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523 AD: Last Animal Hunt
The Colosseum hosted its final animal hunt, marking the end of a popular form of entertainment. This change reflected shifting social values and economic challenges in the late Roman Empire.
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6th-9th centuries: Neglect and Repurposing
The Colosseum fell into disuse and was partially repurposed. A road was built through the arena, and stones were taken for other construction projects. This period marked the transition from the Colosseum's original purpose to its new role as a multi-purpose space.
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1084 AD: Viking Occupation
Vikings arrived in Rome and the Frangipane family occupied the Colosseum. This event showcased how the once-mighty symbol of Roman power had become vulnerable to foreign invaders.
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1349 AD: Major Earthquake Damage
Another significant earthquake struck Rome, causing extensive damage to the already deteriorating Colosseum. This event accelerated the structure's decay.
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1749-1750 AD: Conservation Efforts Begin
Pope Benedict XIV declared the Colosseum a sacred site and forbade its further destruction. This decision marked the beginning of efforts to preserve the Colosseum as a historical monument.
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Early 19th century: Major Restorations
The first significant restoration work began, including the construction of brick buttresses to support the exterior. These efforts signaled a growing appreciation for the Colosseum's historical and cultural value.
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1874 AD: Modern Excavations and Restorations
New restorations and excavations uncovered previously unknown artifacts and structures. This work contributed greatly to our current understanding of the Colosseum's history and architecture.
Location
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Piazza del Colosseo, 1, Roma, Italy